Operant Conditioning Definition

Operant conditioning is the process of learning by observing the consequences of one’s own actions. It involves linking desired behaviours with positive outcomes (reinforcement) or reducing the occurrence of undesired behaviours by using punishment/negative reinforcement.

The most common reinforcement/punishment activities used in operant conditioning are providing rewards (positive reinforcement) and administering electric shocks (negative reinforcement). However, there are many other possible activities that can be used to reinforce or punish behaviour, depending on what is being learned and the preferences of the learner.

The basic idea behind operant conditioning is that organisms learn to associate particular behaviours with particular consequences. If the consequences are desirable, then the behaviour is more likely to be repeated; if the consequences are undesirable, then the behaviour is less likely to be repeated. Over time, this process can lead to significant changes in behaviour.